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農業部關于推進節水農業發展的意見農(nong)農(nong)發〔2012〕1號 各省(sheng)、自治區、直(zhi)轄市、計劃單列(lie)市農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)、農(nong)(nong)村經濟)、農(nong)(nong)機、農(nong)(nong)墾廳(委(wei)、局),新疆生產建設兵團農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)局: 我國(guo)水資(zi)源嚴重緊缺(que),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用水矛(mao)盾日漸凸顯。發(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)方式,推(tui)進防(fang)災減災,實現農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)穩產增產,必(bi)須大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。為貫徹落實今年中(zhong)央1號文件和(he)黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)務院領導同志關(guan)于(yu)大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的指示精神,加快(kuai)推(tui)進節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)又好(hao)又快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan),特制定(ding)本意見。 農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)以土(tu)而立、以肥(fei)而興、以水(shui)而旺。水(shui)是最短缺的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)重要資源之一,也是制約(yue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)可持續(xu)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵因(yin)素。各級農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)部門要充分認識節(jie)水(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)對于保障(zhang)國家(jia)糧食安全(quan)、轉變農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)方式的(de)(de)重要意義(yi),切(qie)實增(zeng)強責任感和緊迫感,抓住機遇,加(jia)快推進節(jie)水(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)。 (一)農業用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源緊缺矛盾(dun)(dun)越來(lai)越突出。我(wo)國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量(liang)僅占世(shi)界的6%,人(ren)均不足(zu)世(shi)界平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)的四分之一。農業用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約3600億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi),用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比重從1997年的69.7%下降到當前的61.3%左右,減少了200億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。隨著人(ren)口增(zeng)(zeng)長,特別是(shi)工業化、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化進(jin)(jin)程的加快,工農之間(jian)(jian)、城(cheng)鄉之間(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)矛盾(dun)(dun)進(jin)(jin)一步加大,保(bao)障(zhang)農業灌溉用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的難度不斷(duan)增(zeng)(zeng)加。目前,全國農田灌溉面積9.05億畝,灌溉用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)缺口300多億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。根據國家水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源發展規劃(hua),未來(lai)15年農業可用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)將維(wei)持零(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)長,農業缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)形勢日益(yi)嚴峻。 (二(er))干旱(han)對(dui)農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)威脅(xie)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)大。隨著全球氣候變暖,我國旱(han)災(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)頻率(lv)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)高、范圍越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)廣、程(cheng)度越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)重,干旱(han)缺水(shui)對(dui)農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)威脅(xie)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)(yue)大,旱(han)情已成(cheng)(cheng)為影(ying)響糧食和農業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)常態,農業(ye)(ye)可持續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)面臨嚴重威脅(xie)。近(jin)10年來,全國平均每年旱(han)災(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)面積4億畝左(zuo)右,是上世紀50年代的(de)兩倍以上,平均每年成(cheng)(cheng)災(zai)面積2億多畝,因(yin)旱(han)損失糧食600億斤以上。因(yin)此,必須把發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)節(jie)水(shui)農業(ye)(ye)作為一(yi)項革命性措(cuo)施,探索(suo)一(yi)條合理(li)用水(shui)、高效節(jie)水(shui)的(de)水(shui)資(zi)源利用途徑。 (三)發(fa)展節水(shui)(shui)(shui)農業(ye)的(de)潛(qian)力(li)越(yue)來越(yue)顯現。目(mu)前,在(zai)全國9.05億(yi)畝(mu)灌(guan)溉(gai)面積中,工程(cheng)設施(shi)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積僅占(zhan)44.3%;在(zai)23億(yi)畝(mu)農作物播種面積中,農藝節水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積僅占(zhan)17.4%。我國農業(ye)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)利用率比發(fa)達國家(jia)低20個百分點,據有關專家(jia)測算,通過推廣農田節水(shui)(shui)(shui)技術,在(zai)灌(guan)區小麥(mai)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)上具有節水(shui)(shui)(shui)360億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)的(de)潛(qian)力(li),相(xiang)(xiang)當于新增(zeng)灌(guan)溉(gai)面積8200萬畝(mu),按(an)每畝(mu)增(zeng)產(chan)300斤(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食計算,可新增(zeng)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)246億(yi)斤(jin)。在(zai)旱作區提高自然(ran)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)利用率,具有260億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)的(de)潛(qian)力(li)。同時(shi),通過推廣農田節水(shui)(shui)(shui)技術,將灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率提高0.1公(gong)斤(jin)/立(li)方米(mi)(mi),旱作區每毫米(mi)(mi)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率提高0.1公(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu),可增(zeng)加糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)1000億(yi)斤(jin)以上,相(xiang)(xiang)當于國家(jia)新增(zeng)千億(yi)斤(jin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食產(chan)量目(mu)標(biao)。 (四)發展(zhan)(zhan)節(jie)水農(nong)業的(de)政策越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)有力。黨中央高度重(zhong)視(shi)節(jie)水農(nong)業工作,近幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)出(chu)臺了(le)一系(xi)列(lie)扶持政策推進節(jie)水農(nong)業發展(zhan)(zhan)。面對前(qian)年(nian)(nian)西(xi)南大旱,安排3億(yi)元(yuan)用于地膜(mo)覆蓋技(ji)(ji)術推廣(guang),去(qu)年(nian)(nian)又安排5億(yi)元(yuan)用于西(xi)北(bei)地膜(mo)覆蓋。各(ge)地積(ji)極響(xiang)應(ying),整合資源,加大投入,統籌協(xie)調,形成合力。據不完(wan)全統計(ji),全國每年(nian)(nian)全社會投入節(jie)水農(nong)業的(de)資金高達50億(yi)元(yuan)以上。節(jie)水農(nong)業發展(zhan)(zhan)形勢越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)好、氛圍越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)濃、政策越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)有力,全膜(mo)覆蓋、膜(mo)下(xia)滴灌(guan)等農(nong)業節(jie)水技(ji)(ji)術模式日(ri)益成熟,為謀劃大項目(mu)、建設大示范(fan)區、大面積(ji)推廣(guang)應(ying)用節(jie)水農(nong)業新技(ji)(ji)術創造(zao)了(le)難得的(de)機遇和(he)條件。 二、準確把握發展節水(shui)農業的指(zhi)導思想與目標任務 各級農業部門要結合實(shi)際,進一步(bu)理清發(fa)(fa)展節水農業的工(gong)作思路(lu),明確目標任務,突(tu)出區域特點(dian),加(jia)快(kuai)推進發(fa)(fa)展。 (五(wu))指導(dao)思想。堅(jian)持以(yi)科學發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)觀為(wei)指導(dao),按照建設資(zi)源節(jie)(jie)約型(xing)、環境友好型(xing)社(she)會以(yi)及加(jia)(jia)快轉變(bian)農業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方式的要求,牢(lao)固(gu)樹立(li)“節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)增(zeng)產、節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)增(zeng)效(xiao)”的理念,針對作(zuo)物(wu)需(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)規(gui)律和(he)(he)農業(ye)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源利用(yong)特點,綜合運用(yong)工(gong)程(cheng)、農藝、生(sheng)物(wu)、管理等措施(shi),加(jia)(jia)快技(ji)術集成,以(yi)示(shi)范區建設為(wei)平臺,在(zai)更大規(gui)模和(he)(he)更高層次上示(shi)范推廣(guang)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)農業(ye)技(ji)術;建立(li)以(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)府為(wei)主導(dao)、社(she)會各界廣(guang)泛參與的投(tou)資(zi)機制(zhi),大幅增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)農田節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)金投(tou)入;進一(yi)步強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)職能和(he)(he)手段建設,建立(li)和(he)(he)完(wan)善全國土壤墑情監測網(wang)絡體系(xi),建立(li)和(he)(he)完(wan)善基層節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)農業(ye)推廣(guang)服務(wu)體系(xi)。逐(zhu)步形成節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)農業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策體系(xi)、技(ji)術體系(xi)和(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)體系(xi),加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)分類指導(dao),提(ti)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源優化(hua)配(pei)置能力和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分生(sheng)產效(xiao)率,為(wei)保障糧(liang)食安全和(he)(he)農業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方式轉變(bian)提(ti)供強(qiang)(qiang)有力的支撐。 (六)發(fa)展(zhan)目標。按照優(you)化布局、整體推進的原則,“十二(er)五(wu)”期間,結(jie)合國家現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)示范(fan)園區創(chuang)建,全國建設100個有特色、成(cheng)規模的節水(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)核心示范(fan)區,新增節水(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)技(ji)術示范(fan)推廣面積1億(yi)畝,灌溉水(shui)(shui)和自(zi)然降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率(lv)提高(gao)(gao)10%。通過大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)節水(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),實現“一個促(cu)進、兩個緩解、三(san)個提高(gao)(gao)”的總體目標,即:促(cu)進糧食增產(chan)(chan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收(shou);緩解農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)缺水(shui)(shui)矛盾,緩解干旱對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的威脅;提高(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)分生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力(li),提高(gao)(gao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)抗旱減災能力(li),提高(gao)(gao)耕地綜合生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力(li)。 (七)基本原則。立足(zu)田(tian)(tian)間,綜(zong)合(he)配套(tao)。節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)環節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)田(tian)(tian)間,抓(zhua)住農(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)就抓(zhua)住了節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)根(gen)本。加強(qiang)(qiang)工(gong)程(cheng)、設備、農(nong)(nong)藝(yi)、生(sheng)物、化(hua)學和(he)(he)(he)管理(li)(li)等措施(shi)在(zai)田(tian)(tian)間的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)應(ying)用,建(jian)立“蓄-集(ji)-保(bao)-節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)-用”綜(zong)合(he)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)技術體系。突出重(zhong)點,展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)示(shi)范。突出節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點區域、主推模(mo)式、主導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)物和(he)(he)(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)技術,強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)集(ji)成(cheng)組(zu)裝、展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)示(shi)范和(he)(he)(he)輻射帶動,力求產生(sheng)規模(mo)效應(ying),逐步形(xing)成(cheng)效益(yi)明顯、各(ge)具(ju)特色的(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新格局(ju)。因地(di)(di)制宜,分(fen)類指導(dao)。根(gen)據(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)狀況、作(zuo)(zuo)物布局(ju)和(he)(he)(he)耕作(zuo)(zuo)制度等,因地(di)(di)制宜制定節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃(hua)和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)計劃(hua)。按照耕地(di)(di)土壤類型、氣(qi)候特點、作(zuo)(zuo)物需(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)規律等,加強(qiang)(qiang)分(fen)類指導(dao)和(he)(he)(he)科學管理(li)(li)。政(zheng)府(fu)主導(dao),多(duo)(duo)方參與。充分(fen)發(fa)揮政(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業中的(de)(de)(de)主導(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用,加強(qiang)(qiang)政(zheng)策扶(fu)持和(he)(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)投(tou)入,統籌多(duo)(duo)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan),發(fa)揮項(xiang)目資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)綜(zong)合(he)效應(ying)。鼓勵企業、農(nong)(nong)民和(he)(he)(he)社會各(ge)界(jie)積(ji)極參與,形(xing)成(cheng)多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)次(ci)、多(duo)(duo)渠道(dao)推進(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)良好局(ju)面。 三、因地制宜確定區(qu)域主推技術模式 發展(zhan)節水農業(ye)要集成(cheng)關鍵(jian)技術,明確主推模式,實現重點突破(po)。 (八)“三北(bei)(bei)”地區(qu)技術(shu)模(mo)式。西北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)、東北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)資源性缺(que)水(shui)(shui)嚴重,降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)少,蒸發量(liang)大(da),干旱(han)缺(que)水(shui)(shui)成為農業發展(zhan)(zhan)的主(zhu)要瓶頸,年際間產量(liang)因旱(han)波動較大(da)。這些地區(qu)主(zhu)要通(tong)過推(tui)廣應用節(jie)水(shui)(shui)農業技術(shu),積極發展(zhan)(zhan)玉(yu)米、馬鈴薯、棉花等(deng)大(da)宗作(zuo)(zuo)物。在沒有(you)灌溉(gai)條件(jian)的地區(qu),堅持蓄水(shui)(shui)和(he)保(bao)(bao)墑并舉(ju),通(tong)過保(bao)(bao)護(hu)性耕作(zuo)(zuo)、深松(song)耕、土(tu)壤改良,營造(zao)土(tu)壤水(shui)(shui)庫,提高蓄水(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)能力(li);合理開發抗(kang)旱(han)小型水(shui)(shui)源,推(tui)廣抗(kang)旱(han)坐(zuo)水(shui)(shui)種,科學應用抗(kang)旱(han)劑、保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)劑,解決春(chun)季(ji)抗(kang)旱(han)保(bao)(bao)苗問題;大(da)力(li)推(tui)廣地膜、秸稈覆蓋技術(shu),實(shi)現集(ji)雨保(bao)(bao)墑;在有(you)灌溉(gai)條件(jian)的地區(qu),大(da)力(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)膜下滴灌、微(wei)灌、噴灌、集(ji)雨補灌、水(shui)(shui)肥一體化(hua)(hua)、旱(han)作(zuo)(zuo)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)機械化(hua)(hua)等(deng)高效節(jie)水(shui)(shui)技術(shu)。 (九)黃淮海(hai)(hai)小麥主產區技術(shu)(shu)模(mo)式(shi)。黃淮海(hai)(hai)小麥主產區資(zi)源(yuan)性缺水(shui)和工程性缺水(shui)并存(cun),缺水(shui)與浪費(fei)并存(cun),大水(shui)漫灌(guan)較為普遍(bian),地(di)下(xia)水(shui)嚴重(zhong)超采,用水(shui)矛盾日益突出。重(zhong)點是推廣(guang)測(ce)墑(di)(di)節(jie)灌(guan)技術(shu)(shu),改善灌(guan)溉制(zhi)(zhi)度,優化輸水(shui)、灌(guan)水(shui)方式(shi)。通過開展土壤墑(di)(di)情監測(ce),科(ke)學(xue)制(zhi)(zhi)定灌(guan)水(shui)方案,重(zhong)點推廣(guang)應(ying)用“小白龍”輸水(shui)、“小地(di)龍”噴灌(guan)、長畦(qi)改短(duan)畦(qi)等(deng)(deng)技術(shu)(shu)模(mo)式(shi)。圍繞(rao)水(shui)果、蔬菜等(deng)(deng)園藝(yi)作物生產,大力推廣(guang)微灌(guan)水(shui)肥(fei)一體化技術(shu)(shu)。在適宜地(di)區,實施保護性耕作,采取(qu)深松(song)鎮壓、劃鋤、覆蓋等(deng)(deng)保墑(di)(di)措施,提高土壤蓄水(shui)保墑(di)(di)能力。 (十)南(nan)方地(di)(di)區(qu)技術(shu)模式。南(nan)方地(di)(di)區(qu)降水(shui)(shui)量充沛,但(dan)時(shi)空分(fen)布(bu)不均,且(qie)地(di)(di)形復雜,工(gong)程性(xing)缺水(shui)(shui)比(bi)較突出。近幾年季節性(xing)干旱發生的(de)頻(pin)率越來越高(gao),干旱缺水(shui)(shui)對(dui)農業生產的(de)威脅越來越大(da)。季節性(xing)干旱地(di)(di)區(qu)重點是加強(qiang)坡(po)改(gai)梯以(yi)及(ji)田間集雨、灌排設(she)施建設(she),增強(qiang)蓄水(shui)(shui)調水(shui)(shui)能力,圍(wei)繞玉(yu)米、馬鈴薯等作(zuo)物(wu),主推地(di)(di)膜覆蓋、生物(wu)覆蓋和(he)集雨補灌等技術(shu)。在經濟園藝作(zuo)物(wu)上發展以(yi)現(xian)代微噴(pen)灌、水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)一體化為核(he)心的(de)高(gao)效節水(shui)(shui)技術(shu)。在水(shui)(shui)田推廣水(shui)(shui)稻淺濕薄曬(shai)灌溉、控(kong)制(zhi)灌溉等技術(shu),促進水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)耦合。 四、切(qie)實做好節水(shui)農業重(zhong)點工作 “十二五”期間(jian),各級(ji)農業(ye)部(bu)門要立足現有基礎,從設施建設、技術推廣、合(he)理種植和科學抗旱等方(fang)面推進節水農業(ye)發展(zhan)。 (十一)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)。抓住國家高度重視(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利建(jian)設(she)有利時機,整合資(zi)源,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)。與(yu)高標準農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)建(jian)設(she)結合,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)耕地(di)質量建(jian)設(she),改(gai)善農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源保障條件,配套田(tian)(tian)間(jian)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi),形成蓄、保、集、節、用一體化的節水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)新(xin)格局。與(yu)全國新(xin)增千億斤糧(liang)食生產(chan)能(neng)力田(tian)(tian)間(jian)工(gong)程、旱作(zuo)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)示范工(gong)程和(he)旱作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)科技推廣等項目組(zu)織實施(shi)(shi)相(xiang)結合,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)微工(gong)程和(he)配套設(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she),提高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)保墑能(neng)力。與(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利建(jian)設(she)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)綜合開發(fa)等相(xiang)結合,全面提升農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)(tian)抗災(zai)(zai)減(jian)災(zai)(zai)和(he)耕地(di)持續增產(chan)能(neng)力。 (十(shi)二(er))加快技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)推廣。深入開展節水農(nong)(nong)業示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)活(huo)動(dong),建(jian)立示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)展示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺(tai)。充(chong)分利用糧(liang)(liang)棉(mian)油糖高產創建(jian)和(he)園(yuan)藝作物標準園(yuan)創建(jian)等平(ping)臺(tai),針對(dui)不(bu)同地區的(de)生產條件(jian)、資源(yuan)特點(dian)和(he)耕作制度,突出(chu)優勢農(nong)(nong)作物,強(qiang)化農(nong)(nong)田節水示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)區建(jian)設(she),集成示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)一批(pi)新的(de)簡便(bian)實用節水技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)模式,開展節水技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)裝備推廣應用。狠抓技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)試驗示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan),做到縣縣有(you)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)、村村有(you)樣板(ban)(ban),不(bu)斷擴大(da)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)規模。加強(qiang)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)主體的(de)培育,重點(dian)扶(fu)持、服務和(he)指導糧(liang)(liang)食生產大(da)戶、科技(ji)(ji)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)戶和(he)專(zhuan)業合作社,樹立樣板(ban)(ban),帶動(dong)周邊農(nong)(nong)戶,切實發揮示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)帶動(dong)作用。 (十三(san))推(tui)行適應性(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)方式(shi)。針對(dui)不同(tong)區(qu)域(yu)水(shui)資源(yuan)狀況,統籌規劃,因水(shui)布局,合理安排農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)結構(gou),促進(jin)水(shui)資源(yuan)可持續利用。調整優化種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)和品種(zhong)(zhong)結構(gou),充(chong)分(fen)利用自然降雨(yu),使作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)生長需水(shui)期與雨(yu)季同(tong)步,變被動(dong)抗旱為主動(dong)避旱。培育、推(tui)廣高產(chan)耐旱品種(zhong)(zhong),改進(jin)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)栽培制度,提(ti)高作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)水(shui)分(fen)利用效率,實現節水(shui)增產(chan)和節水(shui)增效目標。 (十四(si))做(zuo)好(hao)科學(xue)抗(kang)旱(han)(han)減災(zai)(zai)。統籌規(gui)劃,未雨綢繆,研究制定抗(kang)旱(han)(han)減災(zai)(zai)應急(ji)預案,積極做(zuo)好(hao)抗(kang)旱(han)(han)技術、物資和(he)工作(zuo)組織、運行機(ji)制等方(fang)面的(de)準備,提高(gao)應對旱(han)(han)災(zai)(zai)的(de)能力。建立健全土壤墑(di)情監測(ce)網絡體系,充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用現(xian)代(dai)信(xin)(xin)息技術,優化監測(ce)方(fang)法,提高(gao)墑(di)情監測(ce)時(shi)效性、針對性和(he)科學(xue)性。完善(shan)信(xin)(xin)息發布機(ji)制,及時(shi)為(wei)農業(ye)生產(chan)和(he)抗(kang)旱(han)(han)減災(zai)(zai)工作(zuo)提供科學(xue)依據。 五、不斷強化發(fa)展節(jie)水農業的保障措施(shi) (十五(wu))加(jia)強組織(zhi)領導(dao)。各(ge)級農(nong)(nong)業部門要充分認(ren)識發展節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)業對(dui)于保障國(guo)家糧食(shi)安全、轉(zhuan)變農(nong)(nong)業發展方式的重大意義,切實加(jia)強組織(zhi)領導(dao),認(ren)真履行“運用工程設施(shi)、農(nong)(nong)藝、農(nong)(nong)機、生(sheng)物等措施(shi)發展節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)業”的職責,發展壯大專業人員隊(dui)伍,推進(jin)節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)業制度建設,為加(jia)快節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)業發展提供組織(zhi)和制度保障。 (十六)加大投入力度(du)。加強(qiang)與有關部門(men)的溝通(tong)合(he)作(zuo),整(zheng)合(he)資(zi)源,形成合(he)力,建立以政(zheng)府為主導(dao)、社會(hui)共同參與的投入機制(zhi)。充分利用好農(nong)(nong)田水(shui)(shui)(shui)利建設(she)、旱作(zuo)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)、地膜覆蓋、全國新增千億斤糧(liang)食生產(chan)能力規劃(hua)、旱作(zuo)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業示范工程、旱作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)業科技推廣(guang)財政(zheng)專項(xiang)和(he)保護性(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)等項(xiang)目資(zi)金,積極(ji)引導(dao)地方政(zheng)府和(he)社會(hui)各界(jie)加大對節水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業的投入力度(du),加強(qiang)田間節水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程和(he)配套設(she)施建設(she),提高(gao)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業科技和(he)裝備水(shui)(shui)(shui)平。 (十七(qi))強(qiang)化基礎支撐。加(jia)強(qiang)節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)體系建設(she),改善(shan)服務手段,提(ti)高(gao)服務能力。編制(zhi)“十二五”節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃,明確(que)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)思路、目標任務、區域布局和(he)(he)主推模(mo)式,科(ke)學(xue)指導(dao)節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。強(qiang)化教學(xue)、科(ke)研(yan)和(he)(he)推廣的(de)對接,加(jia)快現代高(gao)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)應用(yong),研(yan)發(fa)推廣簡便易(yi)行、經濟實用(yong)的(de)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)產品,為發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)提(ti)供科(ke)技(ji)支撐。積極借鑒國外節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、經驗和(he)(he)管理方(fang)式,結合生產實際,指導(dao)節(jie)水農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。 (十八)廣泛宣(xuan)(xuan)傳培訓。各地要采取(qu)多(duo)種形(xing)式,通(tong)過(guo)各種媒體開展節(jie)水農(nong)業(ye)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳,爭取(qu)領導重視(shi)和部門支(zhi)持,形(xing)成全社(she)會關心(xin)、支(zhi)持、參與(yu)節(jie)水農(nong)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的良好氛圍。通(tong)過(guo)科技下鄉、示范(fan)觀摩、印(yin)發(fa)(fa)資(zi)料和現場(chang)培訓等方式,宣(xuan)(xuan)傳普及節(jie)水農(nong)業(ye)技術,提高農(nong)民節(jie)水意(yi)識,促進節(jie)水農(nong)業(ye)可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展。
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